Pengenalan Network Dan Cisco Device
23.14
Tujuh OSI Layer

| Layer | Nama | Perangkat | Data Unit | Pengalamatan |
| Layer 1 | Physical | Hub | Bit | 0111001110 |
| Layer 2 | Data Link | Switch | Frame | MAC Address |
| Layer 3 | Network | Router | Paket | IP Address |
Apabila 7 OSI Layer susah untuk dihafal, maka sebagai seorang network engineer hafal Layer 1, 2 dan 3 adalah suatu keharusan, karena dapat menunjukkan bedanya antara Hub, Switch dan Router dimana ketiganya berada di layer yang berbeda sehingga memiliki cara kerja yang berbeda tentunya
| Perangkat | Layer | Konektivitas | Pengiriman Data | Memory |
| Hub | Layer 1 | Antar network yang sama | Broadcast ke semua port | Tidak Punya |
| Switch | Layer 2 | Antar network yang sama | Berdasar MAC Address Tujuan | MAC Address Tabel |
| Router | Layer 3 | Antar network yang berbeda | Berdasar IP Address Tujuan | Routing Tabel |
2.2 Pengenalan Tipe Network

Berdasarkan Jaraknya terbagi menjadi 3
- LAN : Bandwidth kecepatan tinggi, jarak jangkauan terbatas, kabelnya UTP dan Optic
- MAN : Bandwidth kecepatan tinggi, jarak jangkauan satu kota, kabelnya Optic
- WAN : Bandwidth rendah, jarak bisa antar pulau ataupun antar negara, kabelnya serial


Pengenalan Router/Switch Cisco

Masing-masing series juga ada berbagai macam sesuai jumlah port interface yang dimilikinya seperti berikut untuk cisco 1700 series.



Sedangkan untuk switch Layer 2 nya yakni 2950 berikut seri-serinya • Cisco Catalyst 2950G 48 : 48 10/100 ports + 2 Gigabit Interface Converter • Cisco Catalyst 2950G 24 : 24 10/100 ports + 2 GBIC ports • Cisco Catalyst 2950G 24-DC : 24 10/100 ports + 2 GBIC ports, DC power • Cisco Catalyst 2950G 12 : 12 10/100 ports + 2 GBIC ports • Cisco Catalyst 2950T 24 : 24 10/100 ports + 2 fixed 10/100/1000BASE-T uplink • Cisco Catalyst 2950C 24 : 24 10/100 ports + 2 fixed 100BASE-FX uplink ports

Sedangkan untuk switch Layer 3 nya yakni 3550 berikut seri-serinya • Catalyst 3550-24 Switch 24 10/100 ports + 2 Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC)-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; • Catalyst 3550-24 PWR Switch 24 10/100 ports with integrated inline power and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; • Catalyst 3550-24-DC Switch 24 10/100 ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU; DCpowered • Catalyst 3550-24-FX Switch 24 100FX ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU • Catalyst 3550-48 Switch 48 10/100 ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU • Catalyst 3550-12G Switch 10 GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports and two 10/100/1000BASE-T ports; 1.5 RU • Catalyst 3550-12T Switch 10 10/100/1000BASE-T ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1.5 RU

Sedangkan untuk seri-seri terbaru router adalah sebagai berikut
| Cisco CRS Series | | Offers industry-leading performance, advanced services intelligence, environmentally aware design, and system longevity |
![]() | | Uses Cisco IOS XR
Software, a unique selfhealing, modular, distributed operating system
|
| | Cisco CRS-3, powered by Cisco QuantumFlow Array, offers from a single-chassis to a multichassis system up to 322 Tbps | |
| | Cisco CRS-1, built on Cisco Silicon Packet Processor, offers from a single-chassis to a multishelf system up to 92 Tbp | |
| Cisco ASR Series | | Ideal for service providers and enterprises seeking leading performance with compact form factor |
| | Allows current and future services to be switched on instantly, at line rate, without compromising network performance or availability, using the Innovative Cisco QuantumFlow processor | |
![]() | | Delivers highly secure, highperformance, and integrated software-enabled services (no service blades required), including multi-gigabit encryption, broadband, 20 and 40 Gbps firewall, Network- Based Application
Recognition (NBAR), Flexible Packet Matching and session border control
|
| | Establishes new price and performance class for edge routers that deliver service integration for personalized, residential “any play” and complex business services | |
| | Provides powerful resiliency with convenient and costsaving in-service software upgrade (ISSU) capability | |
| | Offers software redundancy on non-redundant hardware with ASR 1002 and ASR 1004 routers | |
| | Offers highly scalable, redundant hardware and 40 Gbps services and interface processors in the ASR 1006 and ASR 1013 routers | |
| Cisco 7600 | | Ideal for enterprise widearea or metropolitan-area network aggregation or service-provider environments |
| | Business-class security supports services modules
including IPSec, firewall, SSL VPN, and IPS
| |
![]() | | Supports up to four slots for redundant supervisors and line cards; 6-, 9-, and 13-slot chassis available |
| | Support for up to 12 Shared Port Adapter (SPA) bays and SPA Interface Processors (SIP) for intelligent services | |
| Cisco 7200 | | Application versatility supports managed network services, WAN and broadband aggregation, MPLS, VPN, QoS, and multiservice environments |
![]() | | Business-class security includes stateful inspection firewall, software and hardware VPN encryption, service-level validation features, and intrusion detection |
| | Multiservice data/voice features include analog and digital voice, Survivable
Remote Site Telephony, and
| |
| multiservice interchange (MIX)-enabled backplane | ||
| Cisco 3900 | | Delivers scalable rich-media services including TelePresence, highest density of service virtualization, and lowest TCO with energy efficiency |
![]() | | Ideal for high-end deployments requiring business continuity, WAN flexibility, superior collaboration capabilities, and investment protection |
| | Field-upgradeable motherboard, circuit-speed WAN performance up to 350 Mbps with services such as security, mobility, WAN optimization, unified communications, video, and customized applications | |
| Cisco 3800 | | Designed for medium-sized to large businesses and enterprise branch offices |
![]() | | Wire-speed performance with services enabled at up to T3/E3 rates; increased services density for security, voice, caching, video, network analysis, and L2 |
| | Security features include hardware-based VPN acceleration, antivirus defense through Network Admission Control, IPS, and
SDM support
| |
| Cisco 2800 | | Designed for small to medium-sized businesses and enterprise branch offices |
![]() | | Wire-speed performance up to multiple T1/E1/ xDSL rates, increased services density for security, voice, caching, video, network analysis, and L2; and switching |
| | Security features include hardware-based VPN acceleration antivirus defense, IPS, and SDM support | |
| Cisco 1800 | | Designed for small to medium-sized businesses and small enterprise branch offices |
| | Available in both fixed and modular configurations | |
![]() | | Wire-speed performance with secure data services enabled at up to T1,E1, or xDSL rates |
| | Business-class security with stateful firewall with URL filtering, VPN 3DES encryption and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),
Dynamic Multipoint VPN,
IPS, and secure wireless
LAN option
| |
| | Secure WLAN option for simultaneous 802.11a and 802.11b/g operation with use of multiple antennas |
Untuk cisco 2800 series, berikut model dan perbedaanya

Sedangkan untuk seri-seri terbaru cisco catalyst switch adalah sebagai berikut
| Cisco Nexus Series | | Highest switching capacity; up to 550 Gb per slot, 17.6 Tb per chassis |
| | Highest 1,10, 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet | |
![]() | | Advanced high availability; hitless In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) |
| | Optimized for highly secure virtualized environments
Cisco TrustSec, Virtual
Device Contexts
| |
| | Excellent for collapsed data center-campus core deployments | |
| Catalyst 6500 Series | | Flagship Catalyst switching services platform for coredistribution deployments |
| | Virtual Switching System bolsters availability and scales to 4-terabit capacity | |
![]() | | Scalable services-inclusive design boosts network
flexibility, efficiency, and service life
|
| | Network virtualization improves resource access, utilization, and management | |
| | Integrated services modules enhance security, manageability, and wireless control hardware and 40 Gbps services and interface processors in the ASR 1006 and ASR 1013 routers | |
| Catalyst 4500 Series | | Leading Catalyst switching platform for Borderless Access deployments |
| | High capacity (1.6 Tbps with VSS — hardware ready) and density (240 full PoE+ ports) | |
![]() | | 60 Watt Universal Power Over Ethernet powers an unparalleled range of devices |
| | High availability with InService Software Upgrade and Stateful Switchover | |
| | Competitive feature set and performance for mid-size distribution networks | |
| Catalyst 4500-x Series | | Fixed aggregation switch for space-constrained environments in a 1 RU, low- form factor |
| | 1.6 Tbps capacity with
Virtual Switching System (hardware-ready) and modular 1/10 GE uplinks
| |
![]() | | Best-in-class scalability of up to 32-times better routes than competitors’ products |
| | Simplifies creation of separate logical networks with Easy Virtual Network (EVN) | |
| | Integrated network services: medianet, Cisco TrustSec, flexible NetFlow, and Wireshark | |
| Catalyst 3750-x Series | | Stackable fixedconfiguration switches for campus and branch deployments |
| | StackWise Plus and StackPower deliver high availability and operational efficiency | |
![]() | | Service and network modules help enable incremental link and service upgrades |
| | Full Power Over Ethernet
Plus and comprehensive Borderless Networks services
| |
| Catalyst 3750-E Series | | Stackable multilayer switches for campus and larger branch offices |
| | StackWise Plus with 64 Gbps interconnect for a unified, resilient system of up to nine switches with subsecond failover | |
| | 10-second 10G upgrade with Cisco TwinGig converter module | |
| | 15.4W of Power over Ethernet (PoE) on all 48 ports | |
![]() | | 802.11n support scales beyond 15.4W per port |
| | Uninterrupted performance with wirespeed Layer 2-4 switching, dynamic multicast routing and IPv6 routing | |
| | Fully backwards compatible with Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series for investment protection | |
| | Up to 48 10/100/1000 ports plus dual 10 GbE ports on all models | |
| Catalyst 3750 Series | | Stackable multilayer switches for branch offices and midsize organizations |
| | Cisco StackWise 32 Gbps interconnect for a unified, resilient system of up to nine
switches with subsecond failover
| |
| | Transparent power supply protection with external power backup; DC power option available | |
![]() | | Uninterrupted performance with wirespeed Layer 2-4 switching, dynamic multicast, and IPv6 routing |
| | Network security includes access control lists (ACLs), authentication, port-level security, and identity-based network services | |
| | Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity | |
| | PoE configurations with
15.4W per port
| |
| | Up to 48 10/100/1000 ports plus 4 SFP ports | |
| Cisco Catalyst 2960 series | | Standalone switches with enhanced LAN services for small and medium-sized businesses and branch office networks |
| | Layer 2 switching with intelligent Layer 2-4 services | |
![]() | | Up to 48 10/100 ports or 10/100/1000 ports |
| | Fast Ethernet PoE
configurations with 15.4W of PoE up to 24 ports
| |
| | Flexibility of LAN Base or LAN Lite models |
Pengecekan Hardware
Perangkat cisco juga seperti halnya sebuah komputer biasa, terdapat cpu, disk, memory, power supply dll. Berikut beberapa hal yang harus diketahui pada perangkat cisco.
Router#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS ™ C2600 Software (C2600-J1S3-M), Version
12.2(15)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sat 09-Aug-03 07:18 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x80008098, data-base: 0x8195144C
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE
SOFTWARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 10 hours, 58 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is “flash:c2600-j1s3-mz.122-15.T7.bin”
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x202) with
59392K/6144K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD03337409 (4221326695) M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. TN3270 Emulation software.
- Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
- Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload)
Dari informasi diatas, yang dapat diketahui adalah
- Tipe Routernya adalah Cisco 2610
- Memori yang dimiliki adalah sebesar (59.392 + 6.144) Kbytes = 65.436 Kbytes (64Mb)
- NVRAM yang dimiliki adalah sebesar 32 Kbytes
- Flash yang dimiliki adalah sebesar 16.384 Kbytes (16Mb)
- Interface Ethernet sebanyak 1 buah
- Interface Serial sebanyak 1 buah
- Waktu Uptime selama 10 jam, 58 menit
Pengecekan Software atau IOS
Masih menggunakan perintah show version berikut informasi yang dapat diperoleh
Router#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-J1S3-M), Version
12.2(15)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sat 09-Aug-03 07:18 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x80008098, data-base: 0x8195144C
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE
SOFTWARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 10 hours, 58 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is “flash:c2600-j1s3-mz.122-15.T7.bin”
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x202) with
59392K/6144K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD03337409 (4221326695) M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. TN3270 Emulation software.
- Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
- Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload)
- Versi IOS yang digunakan adalah : version 12.22(15)T7
- Nama file IOS nya adalah c2600-j1s3-mz.122-15.T7.bin yang terdapat didalam direktori flash
- Nilai configuration Registernya adalah 0x2142
Ada 2 nilai configuration register yang sering digunakan yakni
- 0x2102 : Artinya router akan membaca konfigurasi startup pada NVRAM ketika dinyalakan
- 0x2142 : Artinya router akan membypass konfigurasi starup ketika dinyalakan, berguna misalnya lupa password. Karena konfigurasi password disimpan di konfigurasi startup
Nama file IOS adalah mengacu pada hal berikut

- Hardware Platform misalnya, c2600, c2500, c2800, c1841, c7200 dst nya sesuai tipe/seri perangkatnya
- Feature Set misalnya IP Base (Basic), IP Service, Advance Service, Advance Security dll
- File Format umumnya saat ini dalam bentuk kompressi, bisa K9, MZ dll
- Version Number merupakan versi rilis IOS tersebut


















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